C++ vs C# – C / C++ – Fórum – Programujte.com

Caute ... prosim aky je rozdiel medzi tymito dvoma jazykmi . Viem ze v C# neni knihovna a C++ je o dost rychlejsi ako C# . Ale su tam este niake vacsie rozdieli ? :-)

A-dy
Ale su tam este niake vacsie rozdieli ?
Až na to, že to jsou úplně jiné jazyky… Doporučuji začít Wikipedií – hesla C#[1] a C++[2].

[1] http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C_Sharp
[2] http://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B

ja som presiel z c# na cpp, a zatial mi tu nic nechyba

A este prosim vas nepozna niekto niaku stranku na zdrojove kody v C++ . Staci ked tam bude tak zo 5 hier take obycajne ako sachy alebo had . Prosim kto viem nech napise .

Ja také dělal dlouhou dobu v C# a stále budu pokračovat a jinak si občas něco zkusím i v C++ a nic mi tam nechybí.

A-dy napsal:
Caute ... prosim aky je rozdiel medzi tymito dvoma jazykmi . Viem ze v C# neni knihovna a C++ je o dost rychlejsi ako C# . Ale su tam este niake vacsie rozdieli ? :-)

Miro1701 napsal:
ja som presiel z c# na cpp, a zatial mi tu nic nechyba

No ok diky tak to asi vyskusam s tym C# . A prosim ta niaku stranku na zdrojove kody v C# nevies ? Ja som niake nasiel ale to tam boli len blbosti .

Miro1701 napsal:
ja som presiel z c# na cpp, a zatial mi tu nic nechyba

to sa dá ? :)

Docital som si knihu C++ pred psedchodzich znalosti a chcel by aby ste mi poradili aka kniha je potom najlepsia ? Ale casto vidim ze C# je lepsie nez C++ tak ci je aj niaka dobra kniha o C# .

To A-dy : msdn.com :D

To Miro1701 :
Jo tak twnto web si vystihl dobře,tam je to dobře popsáno. :smile1:

Prosim vas mohol by mi niekto vysvetlit co funkcie v tejto hre robia ? Lebo v tej knihe to je tak napr. ze riadok 24-37 je vytvoreni tridy hlavniho okna . Ale to co sa nachadza medzi tymi riadkami 24 a 37 neni vysvetlene . Naprikald neviem co robi wndclass.hIcon . Ja by som potreboval keby mi to niekto aspon trosku vysvetli . Lebo rad by som si tu hru trosku prerobil . Ja viem ze si to predstavujem moc jednoducho ale skusim to :-)
Tu je ta hra :

//-----------------------------------------------------------------

// Space Out 4 Application

// C++ Source - SpaceOut.cpp

//-----------------------------------------------------------------



//-----------------------------------------------------------------

// Include Files

//-----------------------------------------------------------------

#include "SpaceOut.h"



//-----------------------------------------------------------------

// Game Engine Functions

//-----------------------------------------------------------------

BOOL GameInitialize(HINSTANCE hInstance)

{

  // Create the game engine

  _pGame = new GameEngine(hInstance, TEXT("Space Out 4"),

    TEXT("Space Out 4"), IDI_SPACEOUT, IDI_SPACEOUT_SM, 600, 450);

  if (_pGame == NULL)

    return FALSE;



  // Set the frame rate

  _pGame->SetFrameRate(30);



  // Store the instance handle

  _hInstance = hInstance;



  return TRUE;

}



void GameStart(HWND hWindow)

{

  // Read the hi scores

  ReadHiScores();



  // Seed the random number generator

  srand(GetTickCount());



  // Create the offscreen device context and bitmap

  _hOffscreenDC = CreateCompatibleDC(GetDC(hWindow));

  _hOffscreenBitmap = CreateCompatibleBitmap(GetDC(hWindow),

    _pGame->GetWidth(), _pGame->GetHeight());

  SelectObject(_hOffscreenDC, _hOffscreenBitmap);



  // Create and load the bitmaps

  HDC hDC = GetDC(hWindow);

  _pSplashBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_SPLASH, _hInstance);

  _pDesertBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_DESERT, _hInstance);

  _pCarBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_CAR, _hInstance);

  _pSmCarBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_SMCAR, _hInstance);

  _pMissileBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_MISSILE, _hInstance);

  _pBlobboBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_BLOBBO, _hInstance);

  _pBMissileBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_BMISSILE, _hInstance);

  _pJellyBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_JELLY, _hInstance);

  _pJMissileBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_JMISSILE, _hInstance);

  _pTimmyBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_TIMMY, _hInstance);

  _pTMissileBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_TMISSILE, _hInstance);

  _pSmExplosionBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_SMEXPLOSION, _hInstance);

  _pLgExplosionBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_LGEXPLOSION, _hInstance);

  _pGameOverBitmap = new Bitmap(hDC, IDB_GAMEOVER, _hInstance);



  // Create the starry background

  _pBackground = new StarryBackground(600, 450);



  // Start the game for demo mode

  _bDemo = TRUE;

  NewGame();

}



void GameEnd()

{

  // Close the MIDI player for the background music

  _pGame->CloseMIDIPlayer();



  // Cleanup the offscreen device context and bitmap

  DeleteObject(_hOffscreenBitmap);

  DeleteDC(_hOffscreenDC);  



  // Cleanup the bitmaps

  delete _pSplashBitmap;

  delete _pDesertBitmap;

  delete _pCarBitmap;

  delete _pSmCarBitmap;

  delete _pMissileBitmap;

  delete _pBlobboBitmap;

  delete _pBMissileBitmap;

  delete _pJellyBitmap;

  delete _pJMissileBitmap;

  delete _pTimmyBitmap;

  delete _pTMissileBitmap;

  delete _pSmExplosionBitmap;

  delete _pLgExplosionBitmap;

  delete _pGameOverBitmap;



  // Cleanup the background

  delete _pBackground;



  // Cleanup the sprites

  _pGame->CleanupSprites();



  // Cleanup the game engine

  delete _pGame;



  // Save the hi scores

  WriteHiScores();

}



void GameActivate(HWND hWindow)

{

  if (!_bDemo)

    // Resume the background music

    _pGame->PlayMIDISong(TEXT(""), FALSE);

}



void GameDeactivate(HWND hWindow)

{

  if (!_bDemo)

    // Pause the background music

    _pGame->PauseMIDISong();

}



void GamePaint(HDC hDC)

{

  // Draw the background

  _pBackground->Draw(hDC);



  // Draw the desert bitmap

  _pDesertBitmap->Draw(hDC, 0, 371);



  // Draw the sprites

  _pGame->DrawSprites(hDC);



  if (_bDemo)

  {

    // Draw the splash screen image

    _pSplashBitmap->Draw(hDC, 142, 20, TRUE);



    // Draw the hi scores

    TCHAR szText[64];

    RECT  rect = { 275, 230, 325, 250};

    SetBkMode(hDC, TRANSPARENT);

    SetTextColor(hDC, RGB(255, 255, 255));

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

    {

      wsprintf(szText, "%d", _iHiScores[i]);

      DrawText(hDC, szText, -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_CENTER | DT_VCENTER);

      rect.top += 20;

      rect.bottom += 20;

    }

  }

  else

  {

    // Draw the score

    TCHAR szText[64];

    RECT  rect = { 460, 0, 510, 30 };

    wsprintf(szText, "%d", _iScore);

    SetBkMode(hDC, TRANSPARENT);

    SetTextColor(hDC, RGB(255, 255, 255));

    DrawText(hDC, szText, -1, &rect, DT_SINGLELINE | DT_RIGHT | DT_VCENTER);



    // Draw the number of remaining lives (cars)

    for (int i = 0; i < _iNumLives; i++)

      _pSmCarBitmap->Draw(hDC, 520 + (_pSmCarBitmap->GetWidth() * i),

        10, TRUE);



    // Draw the game over message, if necessary

    if (_bGameOver)

      _pGameOverBitmap->Draw(hDC, 170, 100, TRUE);

  }

}



void GameCycle()

{

  if (!_bGameOver)

  {

    if (!_bDemo)

    {

      // Randomly add aliens

      if ((rand() % _iDifficulty) == 0)

        AddAlien();

    }



    // Update the background

    _pBackground->Update();



    // Update the sprites

    _pGame->UpdateSprites();



    // Obtain a device context for repainting the game

    HWND  hWindow = _pGame->GetWindow();

    HDC   hDC = GetDC(hWindow);



    // Paint the game to the offscreen device context

    GamePaint(_hOffscreenDC);



    // Blit the offscreen bitmap to the game screen

    BitBlt(hDC, 0, 0, _pGame->GetWidth(), _pGame->GetHeight(),

      _hOffscreenDC, 0, 0, SRCCOPY);



    // Cleanup

    ReleaseDC(hWindow, hDC);

  }

  else

    if (--_iGameOverDelay == 0)

    {

      // Stop the music and switch to demo mode

      _pGame->PauseMIDISong();

      _bDemo = TRUE;

      NewGame();

    }

}



void HandleKeys()

{

  if (!_bGameOver && !_bDemo)

  {

    // Move the car based upon left/right key presses

    POINT ptVelocity = _pCarSprite->GetVelocity();

    if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_LEFT) < 0)

    {

      // Move left

      ptVelocity.x = max(ptVelocity.x - 1, -4);

      _pCarSprite->SetVelocity(ptVelocity);

    }

    else if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RIGHT) < 0)

    {

      // Move right

      ptVelocity.x = min(ptVelocity.x + 2, 6);

      _pCarSprite->SetVelocity(ptVelocity);

    }



    // Fire missiles based upon spacebar presses

    if ((++_iFireInputDelay > 6) && GetAsyncKeyState(VK_SPACE) < 0)

    {

      // Create a new missile sprite

      RECT  rcBounds = { 0, 0, 600, 450 };

      RECT  rcPos = _pCarSprite->GetPosition();

      Sprite* pSprite = new Sprite(_pMissileBitmap, rcBounds, BA_DIE);

      pSprite->SetPosition(rcPos.left + 15, 400);

      pSprite->SetVelocity(0, -7);

      _pGame->AddSprite(pSprite);



      // Play the missile (fire) sound

      PlaySound((LPCSTR)IDW_MISSILE, _hInstance, SND_ASYNC |

        SND_RESOURCE | SND_NOSTOP);



      // Reset the input delay

      _iFireInputDelay = 0;

    }

  }



  // Start a new game based upon an Enter (Return) key press

  if (GetAsyncKeyState(VK_RETURN) < 0)

    if (_bDemo)

    {

      // Switch out of demo mode to start a new game

      _bDemo = FALSE;

      NewGame();

    }

    else if (_bGameOver)

    {

      // Start a new game

      NewGame();

    }

}



void MouseButtonDown(int x, int y, BOOL bLeft)

{

}



void MouseButtonUp(int x, int y, BOOL bLeft)

{

}



void MouseMove(int x, int y)

{

}



void HandleJoystick(JOYSTATE jsJoystickState)

{

}



BOOL SpriteCollision(Sprite* pSpriteHitter, Sprite* pSpriteHittee)

{

  // See if a player missile and an alien have collided

  Bitmap* pHitter = pSpriteHitter->GetBitmap();

  Bitmap* pHittee = pSpriteHittee->GetBitmap();

  if ((pHitter == _pMissileBitmap && (pHittee == _pBlobboBitmap ||

    pHittee == _pJellyBitmap || pHittee == _pTimmyBitmap)) ||

    (pHittee == _pMissileBitmap && (pHitter == _pBlobboBitmap ||

    pHitter == _pJellyBitmap || pHitter == _pTimmyBitmap)))

  {

    // Play the small explosion sound

    PlaySound((LPCSTR)IDW_LGEXPLODE, _hInstance, SND_ASYNC |

      SND_RESOURCE);



    // Kill both sprites

    pSpriteHitter->Kill();

    pSpriteHittee->Kill();



    // Create a large explosion sprite at the alien's position

    RECT rcBounds = { 0, 0, 600, 450 };

    RECT rcPos;

    if (pHitter == _pMissileBitmap)

      rcPos = pSpriteHittee->GetPosition();

    else

      rcPos = pSpriteHitter->GetPosition();

    Sprite* pSprite = new Sprite(_pLgExplosionBitmap, rcBounds);

    pSprite->SetNumFrames(8, TRUE);

    pSprite->SetPosition(rcPos.left, rcPos.top);

    _pGame->AddSprite(pSprite);



    // Update the score

    _iScore += 25;

    _iDifficulty = max(80 - (_iScore / 20), 20);

  }



  // See if an alien missile has collided with the car

  if ((pHitter == _pCarBitmap && (pHittee == _pBMissileBitmap ||

    pHittee == _pJMissileBitmap || pHittee == _pTMissileBitmap)) ||

    (pHittee == _pCarBitmap && (pHitter == _pBMissileBitmap ||

    pHitter == _pJMissileBitmap || pHitter == _pTMissileBitmap)))

  {

    // Play the large explosion sound

    PlaySound((LPCSTR)IDW_LGEXPLODE, _hInstance, SND_ASYNC |

      SND_RESOURCE);



    // Kill the missile sprite

    if (pHitter == _pCarBitmap)

      pSpriteHittee->Kill();

    else

      pSpriteHitter->Kill();



    // Create a large explosion sprite at the car's position

    RECT rcBounds = { 0, 0, 600, 480 };

    RECT rcPos;

    if (pHitter == _pCarBitmap)

      rcPos = pSpriteHitter->GetPosition();

    else

      rcPos = pSpriteHittee->GetPosition();

    Sprite* pSprite = new Sprite(_pLgExplosionBitmap, rcBounds);

    pSprite->SetNumFrames(8, TRUE);

    pSprite->SetPosition(rcPos.left, rcPos.top);

    _pGame->AddSprite(pSprite);



    // Move the car back to the start

    _pCarSprite->SetPosition(300, 405);



    // See if the game is over

    if (--_iNumLives == 0)

    {

      // Play the game over sound

      PlaySound((LPCSTR)IDW_GAMEOVER, _hInstance, SND_ASYNC |

        SND_RESOURCE);

      _bGameOver = TRUE;

      _iGameOverDelay = 150;



      // Update the hi scores

      UpdateHiScores();

    }

  }



  return FALSE;

}



void SpriteDying(Sprite* pSprite)

{

  // See if an alien missile sprite is dying

  if (pSprite->GetBitmap() == _pBMissileBitmap ||

    pSprite->GetBitmap() == _pJMissileBitmap ||

    pSprite->GetBitmap() == _pTMissileBitmap)

  {

    // Play the small explosion sound

    if (!_bDemo)

      PlaySound((LPCSTR)IDW_SMEXPLODE, _hInstance, SND_ASYNC |

        SND_RESOURCE | SND_NOSTOP);



    // Create a small explosion sprite at the missile's position

    RECT rcBounds = { 0, 0, 600, 450 };

    RECT rcPos = pSprite->GetPosition();

    Sprite* pSprite = new Sprite(_pSmExplosionBitmap, rcBounds);

    pSprite->SetNumFrames(8, TRUE);

    pSprite->SetPosition(rcPos.left, rcPos.top);

    _pGame->AddSprite(pSprite);

  }

}



//-----------------------------------------------------------------

// Functions

//-----------------------------------------------------------------

void NewGame()

{

  // Clear the sprites

  _pGame->CleanupSprites();



  // Initialize the game variables

  _iFireInputDelay = 0;

  _iScore = 0;

  _iNumLives = 3;

  _iDifficulty = 80;

  _bGameOver = FALSE;



  if (_bDemo)

  {

    // Add a few aliens to the demo

    for (int i = 0; i < 6; i++)

      AddAlien();

  }

  else

  {

    // Create the car sprite

    RECT rcBounds = { 0, 0, 600, 450 };

    _pCarSprite = new Sprite(_pCarBitmap, rcBounds, BA_WRAP);

    _pCarSprite->SetPosition(300, 405);

    _pGame->AddSprite(_pCarSprite);



    // Play the background music

    _pGame->PlayMIDISong(TEXT("Music.mid"));

  }

}



void AddAlien()

{

  // Create a new random alien sprite

  RECT          rcBounds = { 0, 0, 600, 410 };

  AlienSprite*  pSprite;

  switch(rand() % 3)

  {

  case 0:

    // Blobbo

    pSprite = new AlienSprite(_pBlobboBitmap, rcBounds, BA_BOUNCE);

    pSprite->SetNumFrames(8);

    pSprite->SetPosition(((rand() % 2) == 0) ? 0 : 600, rand() % 370);

    pSprite->SetVelocity((rand() % 7) - 2, (rand() % 7) - 2);

    break;

  case 1:

    // Jelly

    pSprite = new AlienSprite(_pJellyBitmap, rcBounds, BA_BOUNCE);

    pSprite->SetNumFrames(8);

    pSprite->SetPosition(rand() % 600, rand() % 370);

    pSprite->SetVelocity((rand() % 5) - 2, (rand() % 5) + 3);

    break;

  case 2:

    // Timmy

    pSprite = new AlienSprite(_pTimmyBitmap, rcBounds, BA_WRAP);

    pSprite->SetNumFrames(8);

    pSprite->SetPosition(rand() % 600, rand() % 370);

    pSprite->SetVelocity((rand() % 7) + 3, 0);

    break;

  }



  // Add the alien sprite

  _pGame->AddSprite(pSprite);

}



void UpdateHiScores()

{

  // See if the current score made the hi score list

  int i;

  for (i = 0; i < 5; i++)

  {

    if (_iScore > _iHiScores[i])

      break;

  }



  // Insert the current score into the hi score list

  if (i < 5)

  {

    for (int j = 4; j > i; j--)

    {

      _iHiScores[j] = _iHiScores[j - 1];

    }

    _iHiScores[i] = _iScore;

  }

}



BOOL ReadHiScores()

{

  // Open the hi score file (HiScores.dat)

  HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(TEXT("HiScores.dat"), GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL,

    OPEN_EXISTING, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_READONLY, NULL);

  if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)

  {

    // The hi score file doesn't exist, so initialize the scores to 0

    for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

      _iHiScores[i] = 0;

    return FALSE;

  }



  // Read the scores

  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

  {

    // Read the score

    char  cData[6];

    DWORD dwBytesRead;

    if (!ReadFile(hFile, &cData, 5, &dwBytesRead, NULL))

    {

      // Something went wrong, so close the file handle

      CloseHandle(hFile);

      return FALSE;

    }



    // Extract each integer score from the score data

    _iHiScores[i] = atoi(cData);

  }



  // Close the file

  return CloseHandle(hFile);

}



BOOL WriteHiScores()

{

  // Create the hi score file (HiScores.dat) for writing

  HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(TEXT("HiScores.dat"), GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL,

    CREATE_ALWAYS, FILE_ATTRIBUTE_NORMAL, NULL);

  if (hFile == INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE)

    // The hi score file couldn't be created, so bail

    return FALSE;



  // Write the scores

  for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++)

  {

    // Format each score for writing

    CHAR cData[6];

    wsprintf(cData, "%05d", _iHiScores[i]);



    // Write the score

    DWORD dwBytesWritten;

    if (!WriteFile(hFile, &cData, 5, &dwBytesWritten, NULL))

    {

      // Something went wrong, so close the file handle

      CloseHandle(hFile);

      return FALSE;

    }

  }



  // Close the file

  return CloseHandle(hFile);

}

google!!!!!!

krom toho ze ti to rika o co jde snad i primo v tom nazvu .. wndclass.hIcon
wnd - window class - trida okna.. to je snad jasny... pak tam mas metodu hIcon -- handle na ikonu, ktera se v okne pouzije..

Ved to som dal len priklad . A kde prosim ta na googli ? Poznas niaku dobru stranku kde bysom sam mohol naucit programovat hry ? :-)

1) ak chces pokracovat ako takmer kazdy nabaleny vyvojar tvoriaci app iba pre win, tak sa nauc C# pripadne DirectX, samozrejme, je to jednoduchsia volba.

oh sorry, zabudol som na wine a jemu podobne, samozrejme ktore neuspeju u kazdej aplikacie, proste princip je princip.

2) ak chces pokracovat pre dobro veci nauc sa C++, k nemu nejaku dobru knihovnu a rob aplikacie pre kazdeho uzivatela pocitaca.

btw.: na hry si neposvietis este dost dlho a bez teamu by ti trval vyvoj (samozrejme ako u ktorej hry) "trocha" dlhsie.

A aka je najlepsia kniha o C++ ? Ja mam Naucte se programovat pocitacove hry za 24 hod. ale tam to je malo vysvetlene . A potom mam C++ bez predchodzich znalosti . Tam su tie zakladady do C++ a to som sa uz naucil a chcel by som v C++ a prejst na tvorbu aplikacii ale neviem ako . Potreboval by som niaku dobru knihu vedel by si mi prosim ta niak pomoct ? :-)

nema smysl zacit programovat hry, kdyz neumis ani poradne programovat a najit si co dela urcitej prikaz...
jediny ceho dosahnes bude to, ze budes neustale zahlcovat diskuze blbostma..

nevim co dela prikaz? google -> v nem zadam nazev prikazu -> odeslat
jo nejdriv zkontrolovat jestli ten prikaz neni nadefinovanej primo ve zdrojaku :))

A-dy napsal:
A aka je najlepsia kniha o C++ ? Ja mam Naucte se programovat pocitacove hry za 24 hod. ale tam to je malo vysvetlene . A potom mam C++ bez predchodzich znalosti . Tam su tie zakladady do C++ a to som sa uz naucil a chcel by som v C++ a prejst na tvorbu aplikacii ale neviem ako . Potreboval by som niaku dobru knihu vedel by si mi prosim ta niak pomoct ? :-)

Mistrovstvi v C++ mam aj som pocul ze so ho casto ludia velmi hvalja . No tak ja si ho precitam aj ked je to okolo 1000 no nevadi :-) Ale rad by som vedel teda ked sa to naucim tak potom ako sa naucim vytvarat aplikacie ? Matematiku,fyziku viem dobre a logiku . To sa neviem posudit . Len som sa chcel opitat ked si teda precitam to mistrovstvy naucim sa skvor tie najdvolezitejsie veci a zaciatok . Ale terars ked sa budem chcet ucit hry kde sa naucim co napr. znamena NULL a ine . Viem ze niektore slova davaju logiku ako spomenulk KIIV na priklade wndclass.hIcon ale niektore nie .

Pokud ani nevíš co znamená NULL, tak začni s nějakou knížkou pro začátečníky. Nejlépe nejdřív něco obecně o programování a až potom se začni učit konkrétní jazyk. Vytvořit hru není triviální záležitost, takže nečekej, že když si přečteš jednu knížku, tak hned začneš vytvářet náročné aplikace.

To z_moravec : jo je to jako by chtel zacit stavet 100poschodovej mrakodrap bez znalosti fyziky, materialu, podlozi, matematiky a vubec jen tak z fleku

Ale ja som nenapisal ze chcem robit hry ja som napisal ze by som sa chcel naucit hry a opital som sa vas kde mam zacat .

To A-dy : a vsichni ti rekli ze mas zacit od zakladu.. nejdriv textove veci, pak se pustit teprve do grafickejch

No a ja som vas pocuvol a idem si citat mistrovstvi v C++ . Len som chcel vedet ked to docitam co mam zhanat atd.

A-dy napsal:
No a ja som vas pocuvol a idem si citat mistrovstvi v C++ . Len som chcel vedet ked to docitam co mam zhanat atd.